Malnutrition in Health and Social Care

Malnutrition is a serious and often overlooked issue in health and social care. It affects over 10% of older adults in the UK, and between 19% and 30% of people admitted to hospitals, care homes, or mental health settings are at risk. This highlights the critical importance of ensuring good nutrition and quality mealtimes for those receiving care.

Malnutrition Risk in Home Care Settings

In home care settings, the UK Home Care Association has estimated that up to 90,000 individuals receiving domiciliary care could be at risk of malnutrition. This risk is particularly high among older people and those with long-term health conditions, mobility issues, or difficulties eating and drinking.

The Economic Impact of Malnutrition

The economic cost of disease-related malnutrition is significant. Older estimates placed the cost at over £13 billion annually, and the figure is likely higher today, placing a considerable burden on the NHS and social care services.

Health Consequences of Malnutrition

Malnutrition can have serious health consequences, including:

• Longer hospital stays
• Delayed recovery
• Higher risk of infections and complications
• Greater likelihood of developing pressure ulcers
• Increased risk of falls and fractures
• Higher rates of mortality

For example, malnourished patients are three times more likely to develop complications after surgery and are generally more vulnerable to illness.

Ensuring Good Nutrition in Care Environments

Good leadership, effective staff induction, and ongoing training are essential to creating a care environment where food, nutrition, and hydration are prioritised. Every member of the care team has a role to play in recognising the importance of mealtimes and supporting individuals to eat and drink well.

Key Factors to Ensure Proper Nutrition

• Ensuring adequate staffing levels at mealtimes
• Creating a calm, unhurried dining environment
• Making sure food is nutritious, appealing, and suited to the individual’s preferences and needs
• Encouraging social interaction and support with eating when needed

The Role of Carers in Supporting Nutrition

As a carer, it's important to remember that nutrition isn’t just about how much food is eaten, but also about the quality and balance of nutrients in the diet. Monitoring food intake and understanding the nutritional needs of the individuals you support is vital.

Actions Carers May Need to Take

• Adapt diets to support health needs
• Encourage and assist with eating and drinking respectfully
• Monitor for signs of malnutrition, such as weight loss, weakness, confusion, or reduced appetite
• Record and report concerns to a manager or relevant healthcare professional

Respecting Individual Choice in Dietary Support

Dietary support must always be provided with dignity and respect for individual choice, taking into account cultural, religious, and personal food preferences.

Preventing and Addressing Malnutrition

Preventing and addressing malnutrition is an essential part of delivering high-quality care. Through early identification, appropriate support, and a positive approach to food and hydration, carers can help improve health outcomes, reduce hospital admissions, and enhance the quality of life for those at risk.